陀思妥耶夫斯基 (Dostoevsky)

本书是纪德力推陀思妥耶夫斯基为"最伟大作家"的各种文本的结集，是他文学评论的代表作。作为背德者，纪德引陀氏为知己，因为他不但质疑过上帝的存在，还借助"魔鬼"之力，以达揭露恶魔、丑恶、罪孽的目的。纪德甚至认定"陀氏跟易卜生和尼采一般伟大，也许比他们更为重要"。尽管陀氏从思想到行为都是自相矛盾的，他试图从伦理学、社会学、政治学、心理学以及文艺理论等角度直接阐明自己思想的努力全部失败了，但他揭示心灵秘密的挖掘比得上弗洛伊德对精神病人心理的研究，他的小说"实现了一个奇迹"。(This book is a collection of various texts by Dostoevsky, "the greatest writer" recommended by Gide, and a masterpiece of his literary review. As an immoralist, Gide treats Dostoevsky as a confidant for he not only questions the existence of God, but also reveals the evil, the ugly and the sin in virtue of the power of "devil". Gide even considers that Dostoevsky is as great as Ibsen and Nietzsche, perhaps more important than they are. Though Dostoevsky's thoughts and behaviors are contradictory, and his attempts to elucidate his thoughts from the angle of ethics, sociology, politics, psychology and literary theory all fail, the profundity of revealing spiritual secrets is comparable to Freud's psychological study of mental patients; therefore his novel achieves a miracle.)